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Agrochemicals or agrichemicals, is a common name given to chemicals which are used in agriculture, to aid plants and crops growth and safety. Agrochemicals were manufactured to protect agricultural crops from pests and for augmenting crop yields. It is a costly input for agriculture.
Classifications of Agrochemicals:
In most of the cases, agrochemicals refer to pesticides which include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, molluscicides, and nematicides. Agrochemical also includes fertilizers and soil conditioners.
Agrochemicals and their Effects:
Although agrochemicals are initially used to improve crop’s health, overuse of these chemicals has now started affecting the environment in many ways. Excessive utilization of these chemicals generate residues that cause nutrients imbalance and reduction of the yielding capacity of crops.
May kill beneficial bacteria
Increase nitrate level in soils
Alter the pH of the soil
Residual effect
Kill soil organisms
Toxicity and reduction in soil quality
Water becomes unfit for consumption
Can promote the growth of algae
Leads to eutrophication due to excessive chemicals
Affect aquatic animals due to water pollution
Residues and particles of these chemicals can lead to air pollution.
Pesticides drift happens when air carries agrochemicals particles from one place to other.
More amount of spray evaporation may happen due to low relative humidity and higher temperatures.
Effect surrounding organisms’ health due to inhalation of polluted air.
It causes variety of health effects, from simple skin and eyes irritation.
It also effects the nervous system, causes cancer and also reproductive problems.
Can cause nerve damage, infertility, hormones disorders and neurotoxicity.
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