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Platensimycin, a metabolite of Streptomyces platensis, which is an excellent example of a unique structural class of natural antibiotics, has been demonstrated to be a breakthrough in recent antibiotic researches due to its unique functional pattern and significant antibacterial activity. This compound is a member of a class of antibiotics which act by blocking enzymes involved in the condensation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Rifaximin is a semisynthetic, rifamycin-based non-systemic antibiotic, meaning that the drug will not pass the gastrointestinal wall into the circulation as is common for other types of orally administered antibiotics. It is used to treat diarrhea caused by E. coli.Rifaximin is a product of synthesis of rifamycin, an antibiotic with low gastrointestinal absorption and good antibacterial activity. It acts on the beta-subunit of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase enzyme of microorganisms to inhibit RNA synthesis.
Roseophilin is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griscovirides shown to have antitumor activity. The chemical structure can be considered in terms of two components, a macrotricyclic segment and a heterocyclic side-chain. Several laboratory syntheses of roseophilin are based upon the Paal-Knorr synthesis, and two others are based on the Nazarov cyclization reaction.
Silver is a transition metal. It has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form, as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining. It has long been valued as a precious metal, and it is used to make ornaments, jewelry, high-value tableware, utensils, and currency coins. Today, silver metal is also used in electrical contacts and conductors, in mirrors and in catalysis of chemical reactions. Its compounds are used in photographic film, and dilute silver nitrate solutions and other silver compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides. While many medical antimicrobial uses of silver have been supplanted by antibiotics, further research into clinical potential continues.
Sitafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that shows promise in the treatment of Buruli ulcer. The molecule was identified by Daiichi Sankyo Co., which brought ofloxacin and levofloxacin to the market.
Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues. Although used in Europe, Canada and Mexico, spiramycin is still considered an experimental drug in the United States, but can sometimes be obtained by special permission from the FDA for toxoplasmosis in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. Streptomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor. It binds to the small 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, interfering with the binding of formyl-methionyl-tRNA to the 30S subunit. This leads to codon misreading, eventual inhibition of protein synthesis and ultimately death of microbial cells. It is also used as a pesticide.
Streptomycin Sulfate is an antibiotic drug that is principally used for the treatment of tuberculosis in conjunction with other drugs like isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid). It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is frequently used in cell culture media. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit at the S12 protein thereby inducing a misreading of the genetic code, inhibiting the initiation of translation of DNA which then results in death for a susceptible bacterium.
Sulfadimethoxine is a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is used to treat many infections including treatment of respiratory, urinary tract, enteric, and soft tissue infections. It is most frequently used in veterinary medicine. Sulfadimethoxine inhibits bacterial synthesis of folic acid from para-aminobenzoic acid. It is also commonly used for the treatment of coccidiosis in many species.
Sulfamazone is a sulfonamide antibiotic with antipyretic properties.
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