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Floxacillin is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. It is used to treat infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. Unlike other penicillins, flucloxacillin has activity against beta-lactamase-producing organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus as it is beta-lactamase stable. However, it is ineffective against MRSA. It is very similar to dicloxacillin and these two agents are considered interchangeable.
Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections.Fluconazole is indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of fungal infections where other antifungals have failed or are not tolerated (e.g., due to adverse effects).Fluconazole can be used first-line for the Coccidioidomycosis, Cryptococcosis, HistoplasmosisFluconazole is secreted in human milk at concentrations similar to plasma.Fluconazole can be synthesized from a halogenated acetophenone derivative.
Mecarbinate is a new product against H1N1 and other flu virus, and can prevent influenza complications, non-toxic side effects.
Nifurtoinol is a nitrofuran-derivative antibiotic used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Norfloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibacterial agent. Norfloxacin is a first generation synthetic fluoroquinolone (quinolone).Norfloxacin interacts with a number of other drugs, as well as a number of herbal and natural supplements. Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division. Norfloxacin has been reported to rapidly cross the blood-placenta and blood-milk barrier, and is extensively distributed into the fetal tissues.
Roseophilin is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griscovirides shown to have antitumor activity. The chemical structure can be considered in terms of two components, a macrotricyclic segment and a heterocyclic side-chain. Several laboratory syntheses of roseophilin are based upon the Paal-Knorr synthesis, and two others are based on the Nazarov cyclization reaction.
Sulfamazone is a sulfonamide antibiotic with antipyretic properties.
Tigecycline is a glycylcycline antibiotic. Tigecycline is bacteriostatic and is a protein synthesis inhibitor by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and thereby blocking entry of Aminoacyl-tRNA into the A site of the ribosome during prokaryotic translation. Tigecycline is given intravenously and has activity against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens, many of which are resistant to existing antibiotics.
Tunicamycin is mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotics that inhibits the UDP-HexNAc: polyprenol-P HexNAc-1-P family of enzymes. In eukaryotes, this includes the enzyme GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT), which catalyzes the transfer of N-actelyglucosamine-1-phosphate from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to dolichol phosphate in the first step of glycoprotein synthesis. Tunicamycin blocks the synthesis of all N-linked glycoproteins and causes cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. It is used as an experimental tool in biology, e.g. to induce unfolded protein response. It is produced by several bacteria, including Streptomyces clavuligerus and Streptomyces Iysosuperficus.
Valinomycin is a dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic. It is obtained from the cells of several Streptomyces strains, among which "S. tsusimaensis" and S. fulvissimus. It is a member of the group of natural neutral ionophores because it does not have a residual charge. It consists of enantiomers D- and L-valine, D-hydroxyvaleric acid and L-lactic acid. Structures are alternately bound via amide and ester bridges. Valinomycin is highly selective for potassium ions over sodium ions within the cell membrane. It functions as a potassium-specific transporter and facilitates the movement of potassium ions through lipid membranes "down" an electrochemical potential gradient. The stability constant K for the potassium-valinomycin complex is 106 and for the sodium-valinomycin complex only 10. This difference is important for maintaining the selectivity of valinomycin for the transport of potassium ions in biological systems. It was recently reported to be the most potent agent against severe acute respiratory-syndrome coronavirus in infected Vero E6 cells. It acts as a nonmetallic isoforming agent in potassium selective electrodes.
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