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Propanoic acid is a naturally-occurring carboxylic acid. The salts and esters of propanoic acid are known as propanoates. It is consumed as a preservative for both animal feed and food for human consumption. It is also useful as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, especially polymers. It is also used to make pesticides and pharmaceuticals. The esters of propanoic acid have fruit-like odors and are sometimes used as solvents or artificial flavorings.
Propyl Paraben is an odorless, extra fine, white powder that is non-hygroscopic and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a preservative in foods.
Salicylic Acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid and a beta hydroxy acid. This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone. It is derived from the metabolism of salicin. In addition to being a compound that is chemically similar to but not identical to the active component of aspirin, it is probably best known for its use in anti-acne treatments. The salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates. As with other beta hydroxy acids, salicylic acid is a key ingredient in many skin-care products for the treatment of acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, and warts. It is used as a food preservative and as an antiseptic in toothpaste.
Silver Nitrate is used as a staining compound for identification of proteins and nucleic acids.
Sodium bromide is an inorganic compound. It is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications. Sodium bromide is the most useful inorganic bromide in industry. It has been used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine , widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is widely used for the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas. It s used in conjunction with chlorine as a disinfectant for swimming pools. It is also used to prepare dense fluids used in oil wells.
Sodium formate is the sodium salt of formic acid. It is used in several fabric dyeing and printing processes. It is also used as a buffering agent for strong mineral acids to increase their pH, and as a food additive.
Sodium hydride is an chemical compound. It is primarily used as a strong base in organic synthesis. It is widely used to promote condensation reactions of carbonyl compounds via the Dieckmann condensation, Stobbe condensation, Darzens condensation, and Claisen condensation. It is used to make sulfur ylides, which in turn are used to convert ketones into epoxides. Because of its rapid and irreversible reaction with water, sodium hydride can be used to dry some organic solvents. The use of sodium hydride has been proposed for hydrogen storage for use in fuel cell vehicles, the hydride being encased in plastic pellets which are crushed in the presence of water to release the hydrogen.
Sodium oxalate is the sodium salt of oxalic acid. It can act as a reducing agent, and it may be used as a primary standard for standardizing potassium permanganate solutions. The mineral form of sodium oxalate is natroxalate. It is only very rarely found and restricted to extremely sodic conditions of ultra-alkaline pegmatites.
Sodium sulfide is primarily used in pulp and paper industry. It is used in water treatment as an oxygen scavenger agent, in the photographic industry to protect developer solutions from oxidation, in textile industry as a bleaching, as a desulfurising and as a dechlorinating agent and in leather trade for the sulfitisation of tanning extracts. It is used in chemical manufacturing as a sulfonation and sulfomethylation agent. It is used in the production of rubber chemicals, sulfur dyes and other chemical compounds. It is used in other applications including ore flotation, oil recovery, food preservative, making dyes, and detergent.
Sulfur dioxide is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Sulfur dioxide is an intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid. It used as a preservative for dried apricots and other dried fruits owing to its antimicrobial properties. As a preservative, it maintains the appearance of the fruit and prevents rotting. Sulfur dioxide is also a good reductant. In the presence of water, sulfur dioxide is able to decolorize substances. Specifically it is a useful reducing bleach for papers and delicate materials such as clothes. Sulfur dioxide is a versatile inert solvent that has been widely used for dissolving highly oxidizing salts. It is also used occasionally as a source of the sulfonyl group in organic synthesis.
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