chemical-categories

Fehlings Solution B

Fehling's Solution B is a clear solution of aqueous potassium sodium tartrate (also known as Rochelle salt) and a strong alkali (commonly sodium hydroxide). Fehling's solution is a chemical test used to differentiate between water-soluble aldehyde and ketone functional groups, and as a test for monosaccharides.

Iodine Monochloride

Iodine monochloride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ICl. It is a red-brown compound that melts near room temperature. Because of the difference in theelectronegativity of iodine and chlorine, ICl is highly polar and behaves as a source of I+. Owing to the similarity of the properties of the compound with bromine (red-brown liquid at room temperature), its synthesis led early researchers to believe that the reaction between the heaviest and lightest of a 'triad' of elements (three elements with similar chemical properties, now found in the same group of the modern periodic table) would produce the central element of the triad, the so-named 'Law of Averages'.

Iodine monochloride is produced simply by combining the halogens in a 1:1 molar ratio, according to the equation

I2 + Cl2 → 2 ICl

When chlorine gas is passed through iodine crystals, one observes the brown vapor of iodine monochloride. Dark brown iodine monochloride liquid is collected. Excess chlorine converts iodine monochloride into iodine trichloride in a reversible reaction:

ICl + Cl2 ICl3

Magnesium Carbonate

Magnesium carbonate is a white solid that occurs in nature as a mineral. It used to produce magnesium metal and basic refractory bricks. It is also used in flooring, fireproofing, fire extinguishing compositions, cosmetics, dusting powder, and toothpaste. Other applications are as filler material, smoke suppressant in plastics, a reinforcing agent in neoprene rubber, a drying agent, a laxative to loosen the bowels, and color retention in foods. In addition, high purity magnesium carbonate is used as antacid and as an additive in table salt to keep it free flowing.

Methyl Tridecanoate

nil

Molybdenum Trioxide

Molybdenum Trioxide occurs as the rare mineral molybdite. It is used to manufacture molybdenum metal, which serves as an additive to steel and corrosion-resistant alloys. Molybdenum Trioxide is also a component of the co-catalyst used in the industrial production of acrylonitrile by the oxidation of propene and ammonia. It is used as a catalyst for desulphurisation reactions and as raw material for production of pigments in the ceramic industry and for the production of frits.

Niobium(V) Chloride

Niobium(V) chloride is the main precursor to the alkoxides of niobium, which find niche uses in sol-gel processing. It is also the precursor to many other laboratory reagents.

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Potassium Carbonate

Potassium carbonate is a white salt, soluble in water which forms a strongly alkaline solution. It can be made as the product of potassium hydroxide's absorbent reaction with carbon dioxide. It is deliquescent, often appearing a damp or wet solid. Potassium carbonate is used in the production of soap and glass.

Potassium Methoxide

Potassium methoxide is commonly used as a catalyst for transesterification in the production of biodiesel.

Sodium Hydrosulfide

Sodium hydrosulfide is a useful reagent for the synthesis of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds. It is a colorless solid that typically smells like H2S due to hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture. Its main uses are in paper manufacture as a makeup chemical for sulfur used in the Kraft process, as a flotation agent in copper mining where it is used to activate oxide mineral species, and in the leather industry for the removal of hair from hides.