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Tapentadol is a centrally-acting analgesic with a dual mode of action as an agonist at the μ-opioid receptor and as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It is a new molecular entity that is structurally similar to tramadol. It has opioid and nonopioid acitivity in a single compound. Tapentadol is FDA approved for the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain. Due to the dual mechanism of action as an opioid agonist and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, there is potential for off label use in chronic pain. Its dual mode of action provides analgesia at similar levels of more potent narcotic analgesics such as hydrocodone, oxycodone, and meperidine with a more tolerable side effect profile.
Taranabant is a cannabinoid receptor type 1 inverse agonist being investigated as a potential treatment for obesity due to its anorectic effects. It was discovered by Merck & Co. In October 2008, Merck has stopped its phase III clinical trials with the drugs due to high level of central side effects, mainly depression and anxiety.
Teniposide is a chemotherapeutic medication mainly used in the treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). It is in a class of drugs known as podophyllotoxin derivatives and slows the growth of cancer cells in the body. The medication is injected though a vein and burns if it leaks under the skin. It is sometimes used in combination with other anticancer drugs. Teniposide, when used with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ALL, results in severe myelosuppression. Other common side effects include gastrointestinal toxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, and alopecia.
Terutroban is an antiplatelet agent developed by Servier Laboratories. It is a selective antagonist of the thromboxane receptor. It blocks thromboxane induced platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.
Tetracaine is a potent local anesthetic of the ester group. It is mainly used topically in ophthalmology and as an antipruritic, and it has been used in spinal anesthesia. In biomedical research, tetracaine is used to alter the function of calcium release channels that control the release of calcium from intracellular stores. It is an allosteric blocker of channel function. At low concentrations, tetracaine causes an initial inhibition of spontaneous calcium release events, while at high concentrations, tetracaine blocks release completely.
Tetrazepam is used to treat muscle spasm.
Tezosentan is a non-selective ETA and ETB receptor antagonist. It acts as a vasodilator and was designed as a therapy for patients with acute heart failure. Recent studies have shown however, that tezosentan does not improve dyspnea or reduce the risk of fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular events.
Thiomersal is an organomercury compound. This compound is a well established antiseptic and antifungal agent. It has been used as a preservative in vaccines, immunoglobulin preparations, skin test antigens, antivenins, ophthalmic and nasal products, and tattoo inks.
Thiouracil is a white crystalline compound,that interferes with the synthesis of thyroxine, It is used to reduce the action of the thyroid gland, especially in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Tianeptine is a drug used for treating major depressive episodes. It has structural similarities to the tricyclic antidepressants, but it has different pharmacological properties. Until recently, it has been assumed that tianeptine is a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer, opposite to the action of SSRIs. However, newer studies question this hypothesis; one review suggests that long-term administration of tianeptine has no effect on serotonin pathways, while another still points to the cancellative effects of tianeptine and fluoxetine coadministration on serotonin reuptake. Tianeptine enhances the extracellular concentration of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and modulates the D2 and D3 dopamine receptors, but this effect is modest and almost certainly indirect. There is also action on the NMDA and AMPA receptors. Recent reviews point to this pathway as a hypothesized mechanism of action, based on tianeptine's effect of promoting stress-associated impaired neuroplasticity.
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