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Fenclonine is a synthetic amino acid which acts as a selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin. It consequently depletes serotonin in the body and reduces its actions, acting as an indirect serotonin antagonist. It is used in scientific research to investigate the effects of serotonin depletion on behaviour.
Fenclozic acid is an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drug.
Fenfluramine is a drug that was part of the Fen-Phen anti-obesity medication. It was introduced on the U.S. market in 1973. It is the racemic mixture of two enantiomers, dextrofenfluramine and levofenfluramine. It increases the level of the neurotransmitter serotonin, a chemical that regulates mood, appetite and other functions. It causes the release of serotonin by disrupting vesicular storage of the neurotransmitter, and reversing serotonin transporter function. The end result is a feeling of fullness and loss of appetite. The drug was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1997 after reports of heart valve disease, and pulmonary hypertension, including a condition known as cardiac fibrosis. After the US withdrawal of fenfluramine, it was also withdrawn from other markets around the world.
Fengabine is a drug which was investigated as an antidepressant but was never marketed. Its mechanism of action is unknown, but its antidepressant effects are reversed by GABAA receptor antagonists like bicuculline and it has hence been labeled as GABAergic; however, it does not actually bind to GABA receptors, nor does it inhibit GABA-T. In clinical trials, fengabine's efficacy was comparable to that of the tricyclic antidepressants, but with a more rapid onset of action and much less side effects. Notably, fengabine lacks any sedative effects.
Fenmetozole is a drug which was patented as an antidepressant, but was later studied as an antagonist of the effects of ethanol, though results were poor and it even increased its effects in some cases. It acts as an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist similarly to other imidazoles like idazoxan.
Fennel oil is obtained from the fruits of Foeniculum vulgare. It is used in In food flavoring, Pharmaceutical aid, health tonics, blood purifier, ayurvedic and herbal preparations.
Fenobam is an imidazole derivative developed by McNeil Laboratories in the late 1970s as a novel anxiolytic drug with an at-the-time-unidentified molecular target in the brain. Subsequently, it was determined that fenobam acts as a potent and selective negative allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR5, and it has been used as a lead compound for the development of a range of newer mGluR5 antagonists. It has anxiolytic effects comparable to those of benzodiazepine drugs, but was never commercially marketed for the treatment of anxiety due to dose-limiting side effects such as amnesia and psychotomimetic symptoms. Following the discovery of its activity as a potent negative allosteric modulator of mGluR5, fenobam has been re-investigated for many applications, with its profile of combined antidepressant, anxiolytic, analgesic and anti-addictive effects potentially useful given the common co-morbidity of these symptoms. It has also shown promising initial results in the treatment of Fragile X syndrome.
Fenofibrate is a drug of the fibrate class. It was developed by Groupe Fournier SA, before it was acquired in 2005 by Solvay Pharmaceutical, a business unit owned by the Belgian corporation, Solvay S.A. It is mainly used to reduce cholesterol levels in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. Like other fibrates, it reduces both low-density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein levels, as well as increasing high-density lipoprotein levels and reducing tryglycerides level. It also appears to have a beneficial effect on the insulin resistance featured by the metabolic syndrome. It is used alone or in conjunction with statins in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
Fenoterol is an asthma medication designed to open up the airways to the lungs. It is classed as sympathomimetic beta2 agonist.
Fenoverine is an antispasmodic drug.
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