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Vincristine is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.It is a vinca alkaloid that can be obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus.Vincristine is delivered via intravenous infusion for use in various types of chemotherapy regimens.Its main uses are in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as part of the chemotherapy regimen CHOP, Hodgkin's lymphoma as part of MOPP, COPP, BEACOPP, or the less popular Stanford V chemotherapy regimen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and in treatment for nephroblastoma.It is also used to induce remission in ALL with dexamethasone and L-Asparaginase, and in combination with prednisone to treat childhood leukemia.Vincristine's main side effects of vincristine are chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, hyponatremia, constipation, and hair loss.Vincristine works partly by binding to the tubulin protein, stopping the cell from separating its chromosomes during the metaphase; the cell then undergoes apoptosis.
Vinyl ether is a volatile liquid which was briefly used as an inhalation anesthetic. It can be cyclopolymerized by itself and serves as a cross-linker in copolymerizations.
Xanthan Gum is a microbial polysaccharide derived from the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris that is typically found in commercial salad dressings, ice creams and other suspensions or liquid products that require an emulsifier,It is used as a food additive and rheology modifier,commonly used as a food thickening agent and a stabilizer.It is also used as Oil drilling Chemical.
Xanthotoxol ,is a biologically active linear furocoumarin that can decrease the contractile force and the spontaneous beats. The inotropic and chronotropic action of Xanthotoxol may be related to inhibiting Ca 2+ influx from outside the cells and Ca 2+ release from calcium reservoir inside the cells.
Zafirlukast is an oral leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) for the maintenance treatment of asthma, often used in conjunction with an inhaled steroid and/or long-acting bronchodilator.Zafirlukast is a selective and competitive receptor antagonist of leukotriene D4 and E4 (LTD4 and LTE4), components of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRSA). Cysteinyl leukotriene production and receptor occupation have been correlated with the pathophysiology of asthma, including airway edema, smooth muscle constriction, and altered cellular activity associated with the inflammatory process, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of asthma.Side effects include rash and upset stomach
Zearalenone is also known as RAL and F-2 mycotoxin, is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.It is the primary toxin causing infertility, abortion or other breeding problems, especially in swine.It is found worldwide in a number of cereal crops,such as maize, barley, oats, wheat, rice, and sorghum and also in bread.
Ziprasidone (marketed as Geodon, Zeldox) was the fifth atypical antipsychotic to gain FDA approval (February 2001). Ziprasidone is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, and the intramuscular injection form of ziprasidone is approved for acute agitation in schizophrenic patients. Ziprasidone exhibited high in vitro binding affinity for the dopamine D2 and D3, the serotonin 5HT2A, 5HT2C, 5HT1A, 5HT1D and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, and moderate affinity for the histamine H1 receptor. However, it has been proposed that the drug's therapeutic activity in schizophrenia is mediated through a combination of dopamine Type 2 (D2) and serotonin Type 2 (5HT2) receptor antagonism.
Albendazole is a member of the benzimidazole compounds used as a drug indicated for the treatment of a variety of worm infestations. It may also be useful for treating a type of intestonal protozoan infection in aids patients.
Carfilzomib, a tetrapeptide epoxyketone, is an epoxomicin derivate with potential antineoplastic activity. Carfilzomib irreversibly binds to and inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome, an enzyme responsible for degrading a large variety of cellular proteins.
Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic that acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.Neostigmine is made by first reacting 3-dimethylaminophenol with N-dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, which forms a dimethylcarbamate. It is used to improve muscle tone in people with myasthenia gravis and routinely in anesthesia to reverse the effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants such as rocuronium and vecuronium at the end of an operation, usually in a dose of 25 to 50 μg per kilogram.It can also be used for urinary retention resulting from general anesthesia and to treat curariform drug toxicity.
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