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Cyclothiazide

Cyclothiazide is a benzothiadiazide diuretic and antihypertensive that was originally introduced in the United States in 1963 by Eli Lilly and was subsequently also marketed in Europe and Japan. In 1993, it was discovered that cyclothiazide is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor, capable of reducing or essentially eliminating rapid desensitization of the receptor, and potentiating glutamate currents by as much as 18-fold at the highest concentration tested. Additionally, in 2003, cyclothiazide was also found to act as a GABA_A receptor negative allosteric modulator, potently inhibiting GABA_A-mediated currents. In animals it is a powerful convulsant, robustly enhancing epileptiform activity and inducing seizures, but interestingly without producing any apparent neuronal death.

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Cyprenorphine

Cyprenorphine is a drug which is an opioid derivative. It is related to more well-known opioids such as buprenorphine, which is used as an analgesic and for the treatment of opioid addiction, and diprenorphine, which is used as an antidote to reverse the effects of other opioids. It has mixed agonist-antagonist effects at opioid receptors, like those of buprenorphine. However the effects of cyprenorphine are somewhat different, as it produces pronounced dysphoric and hallucinogenic effects which limit its potential use as an analgesic.

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DL-Malic acid

DL-Malic Acid can be used as an acidulant in cool drinks, frozen foods, processed foods. It is used as color-keeper and antiseptic of juice. It also can be used as pharmaceutical intermediate, cosmetic, rinse, metal cleaner, buffering agent, retarder in textile industry, fluorescent whitening agent of polyester fibre.

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Dapagliflozin

Dapagliflozin is an experimental drug being studied as a potential treatment for type 1 and 2 diabetes. Although dapagliflozin's method of action would operate on either type of diabetes or other conditions resulting in hyperglycemia, the current clinical trials specifically exclude participants with Type 1 diabetes.

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Dexketoprofen

Dexketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is also known as an NSAID. It is used to relieve short-term pain, such as muscular pain, dental pain, and dysmenorrhoea. Dexketoprofen works by blocking a substance in the body called cyclo-oxygenase, which is involved in the production of certain irritant chemicals in response to injury and some conditions.

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Diacetylrhein

Diacetylrhein, is a drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. It works by inhibiting interleukin-1. The most common side effects of diacerein treatment are gastrointestinal, such as diarrhea.

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Dibenzylamine

Dibenzylamine find applications predominately in the rubber processing industry. It is used to prepare rubber accelerator for the vulcanization process and reaction-stoppers. Dibenzylamine type accelerators reduce nitrosamine production in the compounding process. It is used in other industries also.

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Diethyl Ether

Diethyl Ether was first synthesized in 1540 by Valerius Cordus, and he termed as - sweet oil of vitriol. Diethyl ether is an extremely flammable organic solvent with many uses. Diethyl ether was one of the first anesthetics developed for surgical use, but has since been replaced by less flammable chemicals. Diethyl ether is commonly used as an industrial or laboratory solvent. It has narcotic properties and has been known to cause temporary psychological addiction, sometimes referred to as etheromania. Diethyl ether is particularly important as a solvent in the production of cellulose plastics such as cellulose acetate, fats, waxes, resins and similar substances. Diethyl ether has a high cetane number of 85-96 and is used as a starting fluid, in combination with petroleum distillates for gasoline and diesel engines. It is a common laboratory solvent. It is also a common solvent for the Grignard reaction in addition to other reactions involving organometallic reagents,liniments and analgesics (painkillers) and smokeless gun powder. It is also used in agricultural and pharmaceutical applications, as an intermediate in the preparation and manufacturing of other basic organic chemicals, as a catalyst in industrial polymerization processes, as an alternative fuel, as a foam expansion agent, and as an aerosol propellant for a variety of products that include adhesives, sealants, foam in a can, coatings, paints, automotive care products, topical skin cooling sprays, over the counter treatments, hairspray, sun screen and a variety of other personal care and household products. Diethyl ether can be prepared both in laboratories and on an industrial scale by the acid ether synthesis.

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Difluprednate

Difluprednate is a corticosteroid, It is chemically a butyrate ester of 6(alpha),9(alpha)-difluoro prednisolone acetate. Accordingly, difluprednate is sometimes abbreviated DFBA, for difluoroprednisolone butyrate acetate.

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