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Nonactin is a member of a family of naturally occurring cyclic ionophores known as the macrotetrolide antibiotics. Nonactin is known for its ability to form complexes with alkali cations, most notably potassium and sodium.Nonactin has been reported to specifically inhibit the processing of cytoplasmic precursor proteins destined for the mitochondria. It is able to uncouple the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria of rat liver in a low concentration, and can also carry cations across biological and artificial membranes.
Nonivamide is an organic compound and a capsaicinoid. It is an amide of pelargonic acid and vanillylamine. It is present in chili peppers, but is commonly manufactured synthetically. It is more heat-stable than capsaicin. It is used as a food additive to add pungency to seasonings, flavorings, and spice blends. It is also used in the confectionary industry to create a hot sensation, and in the pharmaceutical industry in some formulations as a cheaper alternative to capsaicin.
Nonoxynol-9 is an organic compound that is used as a surfactant. It is a member of the nonoxynol family of nonionic surfactants. Nonoxynol-9 and related compounds are ingredients in various cleaning and cosmetic products. It is widely used in contraceptives for its spermicidal properties. However, its use in STI prevention is controversial.
Norbinaltorphimine is an opioid antagonist used in scientific research. It is one of the few opioid antagonists available that is highly selective for the κ-opioid receptor, and blocks this receptor without affecting the μ- or δ-opioid receptors, although it has less selectivity in vivo than when used in isolated tissues. It blocks the effects of kappa agonists in animal models, and produces antidepressant effects.
Norbornene is a bridged cyclic hydrocarbon. The molecule consists of a cyclohexene ring bridged with a methylene group in the para position. The molecule carries a double bond which induces significant ring strain and significant reactivity. It is utilized to make pharmaceutical intermediates, pesticide compounds, specialty fragrances and in general organic synthesis. When combined with ethylene, norbornene will react and turn into a cyclic olefin copolymer.Polynorbornene is used mainly in the rubber industry for anti-vibration, anti-impact and grip improvement.
Norbuprenorphine is the primary active metabolite of buprenorphine. It acts as a μ-opioid, δ-opioid, and nociceptin receptor full agonist, as well as a κ-opioid receptor partial agonist. It crosses the blood-brain-barrier similarly to buprenorphine and likely contributes to its effects.
Norclozapine is a major active metabolite of the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine. Interestingly, unlike clozapine, it possesses intrinsic activity at the D2/D3 receptors, and acts as a weak partial agonist at these sites similarly to aripiprazole and bifeprunox. It has also been shown to act as a potent and efficacious agonist at the M1 and δ-opioid receptors, unlike clozapine as well. Therefore, norclozapine is considered a delta-opioid agonist. It was hypothesized that on account of these unique actions, norclozapine might underlie the clinical superiority of clozapine over other antipsychotics. However, clinical trials found norclozapine itself ineffective in the treatment of schizophrenia. This may be because it possesses relatively low D2/D3 occupancy compared to 5-HT2.
Norcocaine is a minor metabolite of cocaine. It is the only confirmed pharmacologically active metabolite of cocaine, although salicylmethylecgonine is also speculated to be an active metabolite.
Nordazepam is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative. Like other benzodiazepine derivatives, it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties. However, it is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety. It is an active metabolite of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, prazepam, pinazepam, and medazepam.
Norfloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibacterial agent. Norfloxacin is a first generation synthetic fluoroquinolone (quinolone).Norfloxacin interacts with a number of other drugs, as well as a number of herbal and natural supplements. Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division. Norfloxacin has been reported to rapidly cross the blood-placenta and blood-milk barrier, and is extensively distributed into the fetal tissues.
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