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Probucol is an anti-hyperlipidemic drug initially developed for the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, clinical trials were stopped after it was found that may lower HDL in patients with a previous history of heart disease. It was initially developed in the 1970s by a chemical company to maximize airplane tire longevity.
Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is used primarily to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of penicillin, and it was also used in dentistry. It acts mainly by being a sodium channel blocker. It was first synthesized in 1905, shortly after amylocaine, and is the oldest man-made local anesthetic still in clinical use for injection. It was created by the German chemist Alfred Einhorn.
Profadol is an opioid analgesic which was developed in the late 1960s. It acts as a mixed agonist-antagonist of the μ-opioid receptor. The analgetic potency is about the same as of meperidine, the antagonistic effect is 1/50 of Nalorphine.
Propofol is an intravenous anaesthetic agent used for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. Propofol is used to sedate individuals who are receiving mechanical ventilation. It may be used prior to diagnostic procedures requiring anaesthesia, in the management of refractory status epilepticus, and for induction and/or maintenance of anaesthesia prior to and during surgeries. Its action of propofol involves a positive modulation of the inhibitory function of the neurotransmitter gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) through GABA-A receptors.
Psilocin, an aromatic compound, is a psychedelic mushroom alkaloid. It is found in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. It is the pharmacologically active agent in the body after ingestion of psilocybin or some species of psychedelic mushrooms. It is rapidly dephosphorylated in the body to psilocin which acts as a 5HT2A, 5HT2C and 5HT1A agonist. It is structurally similar to serotonin (5-HT), differing only by the hydroxyl group being on the 4-position rather than the 5 and the dimethyl groups on the nitrogen. Its effects are thought to come from its partial agonist activity at 5-HT2A serotonin receptors in the prefrontal cortex. It has no significant effect on dopamine receptors and only affects the noradrenergic system at very high dosages.
Pyrazole refers both to the class of simple aromatic ring organic compounds of the heterocyclic diazole series characterized by a 5-membered ring structure composed of three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms in adjacent positions, and to the unsubstituted parent compound. Being so composed and having pharmacological effects on humans, they are classified as alkaloids, although they are rare in nature. In 1959, the first natural pyrazole, 1-pyrazolyl-alanine, was isolated from seeds of watermelons. The term pyrazole was given to this class of compounds by Ludwig Knorr in 1883. In medicine, derivatives of pyrazoles are used for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiarrhythmic, tranquilizing, muscle relaxing, psychoanaleptic, anticonvulsant, monoamineoxidase inhibiting, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities.
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound. It was discovered in 1849 by the Scottish chemist Thomas Anderson as one of the constituents of bone oil. Two years later, Anderson isolated pure pyridine through fractional distillation of the oil. It is used as a precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals and is also an important solvent and reagent. Pyridine is added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for drinking. It is used in the synthesis of sulfapyridine, antihistaminic drugs tripelennamine and mepyramine, as well as water repellents, bactericides and herbicides.
Quazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It is indicated for the treatment of insomnia including sleep induction and sleep maintenance. It induces impairment of motor function and has hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties with less overdose potential than other benzodiazepines. It is an effective hypnotic which induces and maintains sleep without disruption of the sleep architecture. It is a trifluoroethyl type of benzodiazepine. It is unique amongst benzodiazepines in that it selectively targets the GABAA type1 receptors which are responsible for inducing sleep. Its mechanism of action is very similar to zolpidem and zaleplon in its pharmacology and can successfully substitute for zolpidem and zaleplon in animal studies.
Ramipril is a prodrug belonging to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is metabolized to ramiprilat in the liver and, to a lesser extent, kidneys. Ramiprilat is a potent, competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). Ramipril may be used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, nephropathy, and to reduce the rate of death, myocardial infarction and stroke in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events.
Rose oil is extracted from the petals of various species of rose. The oil is extensively used in perfumery. It has also been used in Ayurved as a medicine.It is used as Fragrance and flavor ingredient, aromatherapy oils, in fine cosmetic products
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