Introduction
Melamine (CAS Number: 108-78-1) is an organic compound with chemical the formula C3H6N6. The IUPAC name of the compound is 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine. It constitutes 67% nitrogen by mass like cyanamide. This chemical is a white solid, which sublimes at boiling point is lightly soluble in hot glycerol, alcohol, pyridine and benzene. However, it is insoluble in ether and carbon tetrachloride. It has fire retardant properties, owing to the liberation of nitrogen gas on charring or burning.
Preparation
Melamine production involves the conversion of calcium cyanamideinto dicyandiamide. It is then heated above its melting temperature to synthesize melamine. One of the most widely used industrial methods adopted by manufacturers involves the use of urea for the manufacture of melamine.
6 (NH2)2CO → C3H6N6 + 6 NH3 + 3 CO2
The first step involves the decomposition of urea into ammonia and cyanic acid.
(NH2)2CO → NH3+HOCN
Cyanuric acid is formed from polymerization of cyanic acid. On condensation with ammonia, melamine is obtained. The reaction is driven from the reaction of cyanic acid with released water.
6 HNCO + 3 NH3 → C3H6N6 + 3 CO2 + 3NH3
The reaction listed above can be performed by two methods, which include high-pressure liquid-phase productionand gas-phase production.
Uses
- Melamine is an integral constituent for drugs such as altretamine, meladrazine and tretamine.
- Melamine resins are made by combining it with formaldehyde and other chemicals.
- These resins form thermosetting plastic, which find numerous applications such as dry erase boards, laminates and dinnerware.
- Medical industries buy melamine and its derivatives for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis.
- Melamine suppliers supply the compound to cleaning, insulation and soundproofing industries.Melamine suppliers supply the chemical to inks and plastics industries, where it is an important ingredient for colorants.
- Paints, paper and plastics industries buy melamine and use it as a fire retarding additive.
- Melamine has high flame resistance, low thermal conductivity and self-extinguishing property.
- This makes it suitable for manufacturing flame resistant protect clothing.
- Agricultural industries buy melamine to use it as a fertilizer for crops due to its high nitrogen content. However, it is uneconomical and scientifically impractical to be used as a fertilizer.
Toxicity
Melamine is an irritant for the skin or eyes. Inhalation of its vapors causes irritation of the respiratory tract. Ingestion of melamine may could lead to bladder cancer,reproductive damage, kidney and bladder stones. Melamine suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and industries that deal with this chemical, must be aware of its toxicity.
Handling and Storage
Provision of exhaust ventilation at apt places, where dust formation takes place. The chemical must be stored away from incompatible materials in a tightly closed container. The place must dry and properly ventilated. Melamine suppliers, buyers, manufacturers and product industries that buy melamine must handle the chemical cautiously and store it under safe conditions.
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