Morpholine
Morpholine (CAS Number: 110-91-8) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H9NO. It has two functional groups, which are ether and amine groups. Morpholine is a base due to the presence of amine. It is colorless hygroscopic liquid with amine like odor. Morpholine is miscible with water, diethyl etherand acetone. It has limited solubility in alkaline solutions.
Production
Morpholine is often manufactured industrially through the dehydration of diethanolamine with sulphuric acid. It is purified with potassium hydroxide, followed by fractional distillation and drying once again over sodium metal, which is finally redistilled.
Applications
- Morpholine is an additive used for pH adjustment innuclear power plant and fossil fuelsystems.
- It is used to produce enamines.Morpholine finds applications in organic synthesis.
- Industries such as pharmaceutical industry buy morpholine to manufacture an anticancer drug gefitinib, an analgesic dextromoramide and an antibiotic linezolid.
- The low cost of morphine enables the research industry to buy morpholine for its use as a solvent.
- The agricultural industries buy morpholine to prepare herbicides, fungicides and bactericides.
- Morpholine finds applications in the process of waxing fruitas an emulsifier.
- The natural protective wax coating of fruits is lost due to the cleaning process. To replace the lost layer, morpholine suppliers supply the chemical to the fruit venders, who apply it.
- Morpholine suppliers supply morpholine to the rubber industry, where it is used in the production of rubber accelerators.
- Morpholine suppliers supply morpholine for corrosion inhibition, where it acts as a neutralizing amine to combat carbonic acid corrosion insteam boiler systems.
Toxicity
Morpholine is moderately toxic when the exposure occurs orally or dermally. It is extremely corrosive to the eyes and the respiratory tract. Long term exposure to s of morpholine cancause cornea inflammation. Nasal effects include necrosis and nasal cavity irritation. Morpholine is neithersystemically toxic nor carcinogenic. Morpholine suppliers, distributers, end users and end users must be aware of its toxic effects.
Exposure Controls
Tightly fitting safety goggles must be worn by the factory personnel. They must use safety gloves while handling the chemical. Full protective suit must be worn at the specific workplace. Airpurifying respirators and full-face respirators should be used for respiratory protection against morpholine vapors. Manufacturers must buy morpholine protection equipment to ensure safety and avoid accidents.
Handling and storage
Contact must be avoided with eyes and skin. Inhalation of mist or vapor must be avoided. Morpholine should be kept away from ignition sources. Measures must be taken to check the build up of electrostatic charges. The compound should be stored in a cool and dry place with proper ventilation. It must be kept in a tightly closed container. After its use, it must be kept in an upright position, while resealing to prevent spillage. Morpholine suppliers, manufacturers and others who buy morpholine must carefully handle and store this compound.
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