Nitric Acid Suppliers

Properties

Nitric acid (CAS Number: 7697-37-2) is a highly corrosive mineral acid, which is sold by nitric acid manufacturers and nitric acid suppliers by different names such as spirit of niter, eau forte, aqua fortis, acidumnitricum and hydrogen nitrate. In its pure state, it is colorless and when oxides of nitrogen and water are present, it behaves as a yellow or red fuming liquid.HNO₃ has a suffocating acrid odor. The chemical formula of the compound isHNO₃. Various manufacturing industries buy nitric acid as an azeotrope with water.

Production

Nitric acid manufacturers manufacture HNO₃ by treating nitrogen dioxide with water.

3 NO₂ + H₂O →2 HNO₃ + NO

Nitric acid manufacturers also manufacture it by nitrogen dioxide with hydrogen peroxide.

2 NO₂ + H₂O₂ →2HNO₃

Nitric acid manufacturers manufacture it through the Ostwald process, where anhydrous ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide, in the presence of catalysts like rhodium gauze or platinum at a pressure of 9 atm and high temperature of about 500 K.

5 O₂ + 4 NH₃→ 6 H₂O + 4 NO

Nitrogen dioxide is produced though reaction of nitric oxide with oxygen in air.

2 NO+ O₂→ 2 NO₂

Nitrogen dioxide is absorbed in water to produce nitric acid and nitric oxide.

3 NO₂ + H₂O→ 2 HNO₃+ NO

Nitric oxide is used for re-oxidation to form nitrogen dioxide, where the reaction is carried out carried out in the presence of air and water to form nitric acid.

4 NO₂+ O₂+ 2 H₂O→ 4 HNO₃

Applications

• Nitric acid suppliers primarily sell it to produce fertilizers.

• Nitric acid is used to produce ammonium nitrate through neutralization reaction with ammonia.

• Industries that manufacture nylon precursors and specialty organic compounds buy nitric acid for use in their manufacturing processes.

• Nitric acid suppliers also supply it as an oxidant, etchant, cleaning agent, analytical reagent and a rocket propellant.

Toxicity

Nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent and a corrosive acid, which can cause chemical burns, owing to the acid hydrolysis reaction with fats and proteins, which leads to the decomposition of skin and flesh. It is not considered to be a mutagen or a carcinogen. It can result in self ignition, when it reacts chemicals such as turpentine, bases, organics, carbides and cyanides. Nitric acid suppliers must be aware of the mineral acid’s toxicity.

Handling and Storage

Industries that buy nitric acid must store it away from sources of heart and ignition. The chemical container must be tightly closed and stored in a cool place with proper ventilation. Personnel handling the acid must wear eye protection equipment such as safety goggles or face shield. Corrosive resistant gloves must be worn before handling the chemical. 

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